In practice, urban transformation is often carried out at the outskirts or in between existing areas of a city. In that context, important questions are: How can one imagine a transition between different urban structures? What if, additionally, we aim for including not only the development from innermost to outermost but also vice versa – letting nature into the city rather than the other way around? What are the implications of interventions on the surroundings? Addressing these questions requires a modelling approach that links local morphological compatibility between urban structures with macroscale socio-economic feedback driving development, vacancy and ecological change. To that end, we combine complementary modelling components. A cellular-automaton (CA) grid provides the spatial representation and hosts rule-based land-use transitions over time. Within this structure, an adapted Wave Function Collapse (WFC) operator infers context-sensitive land-use changes from learned adjacency relations, ensuring morphological compatibility of infill and transformation. A system-dynamics (SD) layer generates macro-scale pressures in households, jobs and capital that drive development, vacancy and decline across the grid. Evolution over time emerges from the CA rule system and from vacancy-driven transformations derived from previous work on urban cell grammars, extending WFC from a static pattern generator to a dynamic operator of urban change. Our framework is intended for use in planning, but also in education and policy making (“What-If”-Scenarios). The system supports both conventional development trajectories and their inversion: not only densification and infill, but also decline, abandonment, and ecological succession where nature re-enters under conditions of sustained vacancy.
| Autor / Author: | Salkic, Nirmala; Lorenz, Wolfgang E.; Hensel, Michael U.; Wurzer, Gabriel |
| Institution / Institution: | TU Wien, Vienna/Austria; TU Wien, Vienna/Austria; TU Wien, Vienna/Austria; TU Wien, Vienna/Austria |
| Seitenzahl / Pages: | 12 |
| Sprache / Language: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlichung / Publication: | JoDLA – Journal of Digital Landscape Architecture, 11-2026 |
| Tagung / Conference: | Digital Landscape Architecture 2026 – Cutting Edge |
| Veranstaltungsort, -datum / Venue, Date: | University College Dublin (UCD), Ireland 28-05-26 - 29-05-26 |
| Schlüsselwörter (de): | |
| Keywords (en): | Wave Function Collapse, system dynamics, cellular automata, urban transformation, built environment, natural systems, sustainability |
| Paper review type: | Full Paper Review |
| DOI: | doi:10.14627/537770040 |
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