Given the high frequency of extreme climate events and the acceleration of climate change, it is necessary to construct climate-adaptive urban space. However, current research on cooling effects in urban built environments is predominantly limited to the urban planning or landscape design perspective. There are few quantitative studies on cooling benefits from an integration of building and landscape perspective. Thus, this study systematically evaluates the impact of 3D built environments on thermal environment, wind environment and cooling benefits through field measurements, 3D modelling and microclimate simulations. The results suggest that there are significant differences in cooling benefits between built environments dominated by building elements and those dominated by vegetation elements. Compared with scenarios without vegetation, the average cooling intensity of plots with high vegetation 3D density (V3DI) is mainly distributed between 1.62℃ and 4.43℃, and that of scenarios with high building 3D density (B3DI) is mostly distributed between 0.51℃ and 1.08℃. The objective of this research is to provide practical recommendations for enhancing the thermal and wind quality of urban built environments, thereby promoting sustainable urban development.