This paper mainly studies the spatial correlation between land use and carbon storage at the regional scale. It explores the spatial autocorrelation characteristics of land use and carbon storage in Guangzhou in 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. The result findings indicate that: (1) The changes in farmland and artificial surface were most frequent in Guangzhou during the study time; (2) The carbon stock in Guangzhou changed most drastically from 2010 to 2015 and the area of medium carbon stock area was reduced by 889 km2 during this period, 98% of which was transformed into a low carbon stock area; (3) Land use and carbon storage have strong spatial autocorrelation and significant spatial clustering. This paper discusses the spatial and temporal evolution and spatial autocorrelation of land use and carbon stock, which complements the theoretical study of the relationship between land use and carbon stock and provides a scientific basis for the enhancement of carbon stock in Guangzhou City in practice.